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Inflamasi kronik Merupakan radang yang berlangsung lama di mana radang akut, kerusakan jaringan, dan usaha-usaha penyembuhan berlangsung terus secara simultan. Dapat diakibatkan karena serangan radang akut yang berulang radang kronik mulai secara perlahan-­lahan sebagai respons derajat-rendah yang tidak diikuti radang akut klasik, karena salah satu keadaan berikut: Infeksi persisten oleh mikroba interseluler (misalnya, basil tuberkel, infeksi viral), yang mempunyai toksisitas …

65. Botanicals (Herbal Medications) & Nutritional Supplements Cathi E. Dennehy, PharmD, & Candy Tsourounis, PharmD. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology – 10th Ed. (2007) INTRODUCTION The medical use of botanicals in their natural and unprocessed form undoubtedly began when the first intelligent animals noticed that certain food plants altered particular body functions. Much information exists about the historical use and effectiveness …

INJURY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1.PRIMARY BRAIN INJURY 2.SECONDARY BRAIN INJURY 3.DELAYED POST-TRAUMATIC COMPLICATIONS 4.SPINAL CORD INJURY INJURY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Primary Brain Injury Results from what has occurred to the brain at the time of the injury Secondary Brain Injury Physiologic and biochemicalevents which follow the primary injury •CEREBRAL CONCUSSION •CEREBRAL CONTUSION •SKULL FRACTURE •VASCULAR AND …

Drug therapy of gout, 2009 Dr Attia Jabr 1.Definition: Familial metabolic disease characterized by 4 characters 2.How uric acid is formed? Xanthineoxidase 3.How uric acid is secreted? Active secretion 10% 4.What is the role of diet?? 5.Etiology of gout? A.Overproduction►10% What are the drugs that ▲Production? B.Under excretion►90% What are the drugs that ▼secretion? Stages of gout 1.Asymptomatic hyperuricemia 2.Acute …

Download Epileptic seizure PPT the result of temporary dysfunction of cortical neurons caused by a self-limited, abnormal synchronous electrical discharge of cortical neurons-usually these electrophysiologic disturbances could be detected by EEG The clinical presentation depends on -part of cerebral cortex which is involved in beginning The function of this region where seizures originates The subseqent pattern of electrical ictal discharges …

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STROKE MANAGEMENT BRAIN ATTACK •Acute stroke = „brain attack” •Every minute matters: „time is brain” •Combat therapeutic nihilism • • Optimal stroke care: principles Acute stroke = medical emergency All patients should have: hospital evaluation and treatment, preferably within 3 hours rapid access to specialised stroke units or stroke teams Single hospital or department responsible for stroke services …

Neuropediatrics Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk Pediatric neurology •Developmental neurology: 0-10 (14-16-18) •history, neurological exam tailored to the patients age •many disorders only in this age group, or start early (genetic, metabolic, cns malforamations) Early development •First neuronal reflex 8 weeks of gestational age •11 weeks of gestational age: stimulation of perioral area starts swallowing reflex •since 14 weeks of gestational age: complex …

PPT Neurological syndromes in systemic diseases and general medicine Marta Lipowska Encephalopathy •Brain pathology of varies origins (metabolic, degenerative, genetic, posttraumatic, ischemic, hypoxic…) •Generally it affects large parts of the brain instead of leading to identifiable focal changes •Often developes when the reason is outside the brain Encephalopathy •Deprivation of oxygen (hypoxia, diffuse ischemia), substrate (hypoglycemia) or metabolic cofactor (thiamine …

Subarachnoid Heamorrhage SAH AHA & Piotr Szczudlik MD Nonaneurysmal causes of SAH 25% •Trauma •Arteriovenous malformation •Intracranial arterial dissection •Cocaine and amphetamine use •Mycotic aneurysm (septic) •Central nervous system vasculitis •Coagulation disorders Risk factors •Hypertension OR-2,6 •Smoking OR-2,2 •High alcohol intake OR-1,5 •First degree relatives •Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan’s syndrome, pseudoxantoma elasticum, neurofibromatosis t. 1, polycystic kidney disease WFNS scale •Grade 1 …