PPT Introduction to clinical dermatology Structure,function,History and Examination and diagnostic approach

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Basic skin structure

2 layers: Epidermis and Dermis
Epidermis: All Cells
Dermis: variable
Fibers: collagen and elastin
Ground substance
Cells: Fibroblasts, Lymphocytes, Macro, Mast cells..
Appendages: Glands ( sebaceous, Apocrine and Eccrine), Hair follicles and Nails
Nerves, lymphatice, vasculature, smooth muscles

Epidermis 1ALL CELLS
4-Cell layers (Keratinocytes):
Basal layer: single row of columnar epithelium. In normal skin cell mitosis takes place in this layer ONLY
Prickle(spinous,squamous) layer: Several layers (5-8) of cells tightly bound by Desmosomes. In cases where there is a problem involving Desmosomes cell separation results (Acantholysis)

Epidermis 2
Granular layer:
2 types of granules: keratohylin (Ptn)and Odland granules (Lipids and Hydrolytic enzymes)
Horney layer (Stratum Corneum):
Dead Cells (No Nuclei) called Corneocytes
This is the most important layer as Barrier function of the skin depends on the presence of intact Horney layer